The question of representation, however, threatened to destroy the seven-week-old convention. Delegates from major states believed that because their states contributed proportionately more to the nation`s financial and defensive resources, they should be proportionally more represented in the Senate and House of Representatives. Delegates from small States demanded with comparable intensity that all States be equally represented in both chambers. When Sherman proposed the compromise, Benjamin Franklin agreed that all states should have an equal voice in the Senate on all matters except money. A gathering of delegates from all states except Rhode Island met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in May 1787. At this meeting, known as the Constitutional Convention, it was decided that the best solution to the problems of the young country is to set aside the articles of Confederation and write a new constitution. George Washington presided over the Constitutional Convention. In 1786-1787, twelve of the thirteen states – all except Rhode Island – elected seventy-four delegates to participate in what is now known as the Constitutional Convention of Philadelphia. Nineteen of these delegates chose not to accept the election or not to participate in the debates. States had initially appointed seventy representatives to the Convention, but some of the appointees did not accept or could not participate, so fifty-five delegates drafted the Constitution. Almost all these delegates had participated in the revolution. At least twenty-nine of the delegates served in the Continental Armed Forces.

Most of the delegates had been members of the Confederate Congress, and many had been members of the Continental Congress. At first, it seemed that the North and the South would never agree on the status of Missouri. Tempers flared when representatives of both sides proposed solutions that were unacceptable to the other side. Politicians in the North argued that slavery should be banned in all new states, while lawmakers in the South insisted that each state should have the right to decide for itself whether to allow slavery within its borders. With each passing day, anger over the subject boiled a little higher. When the blockade on admission requirements to Missouri continued, Thomas Jefferson, worried, wrote that “this important question, like a fire bell at night, woke up and filled me with terror. I immediately saw it as the bell [sign of disaster] of the Union. Once the final changes were made, the Style and Arrangement Committee was appointed “to revise and organize the style of the articles agreed to by the House.” Unlike other committees, the latter committee did not include representatives of small States. Its members were mostly in favor of a strong national government and hostile to demands for state rights.

The Convention adjourned from 26 July to 6 August to await the report of the Detail committee. The Details Committee drafted the agreements that the Convention had reached so far, including the fifteen resolutions of the Virginia Plan. It was chaired by John Rutledge. The other members were Edmund Randolph, Oliver Ellsworth, James Wilson and Nathaniel Gorham. This report was the first draft constitution of the United States. Much of what was included in the outcome document was contained in that draft. Virginia`s plan proposed a bicameral legislature, a two-chamber legislature. This legislature would include the dual principle of rotation of office and dismissal applied to the lower house of the national legislature. Each of the states would be represented in proportion to its “contribution rates or the number of free inhabitants”.

States with large populations would therefore have more representatives than small States. Large states have supported this plan, while small states have generally opposed it. During the Constitutional Convention, the most controversial disputes concerned the composition and election of the Senate, how to define “proportional representation”, whether executive power should be divided among three people or whether power should be invested in a single president, how the president should be elected, how long his term should be and whether he could run for re-election. what offences should be prosecuted, what kind of fugitive slave clause, whether the abolition of the slave trade should be allowed, and whether judges should be elected by the legislature or executive. Most of the convention was devoted to deciding these issues, while the powers of the legislative, executive and judicial branches were not very controversial. Clay was a consistent candidate for the American presidency, but although he won the National Republican Party nomination in 1832 and the Whig Party nomination in 1844, he was never able to garner enough support to win a general election. Despite his defeats to Andrew Jackson in 1832 and James K. Polk (1795-1849) in 1844, Clay is considered one of the great American statesmen.

He devoted himself to the continued preservation of the United States, and his peacemaking efforts in the first half of the nineteenth century earned him the nicknames “great compromise” and “great conciliator.” Within a few years, most lawmakers agreed that they needed to make changes. U.S. leaders then passed the U.S. Constitution, which gave the federal government additional powers. But congressional leaders also ensured that individual states retained certain rights by inserting language designed to strike a balance between federal and state power. The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia from May to September 1787. He was summoned to resolve problems with the government of the United States of America after independence from Britain. Before the Constitution was drafted, the nearly four million inhabitants of the thirteen new independent states were governed according to the articles of confederation created by the Second Continental Congress. However, the chronically underfunded federal government, as originally organized, was insufficient to manage the various conflicts that arose between the states.

Due to the difficulty of traveling at the end of the 18th century, very few selected delegates were present on the scheduled day of the 14th century. May 1787 present. It was not until 25 May that a quorum of seven states was reached. After the introduction of the Virginia plan, New Jersey Delegate William Paterson requested an adjournment to reflect on the plan. Paterson`s Plan of New Jersey was ultimately a refutation of the Virginia Plan. The less populous states were strongly opposed to ceding most control over the national government to the more populous states, and therefore proposed an alternative plan that would have retained one-vote representation per state under a legislative body under the articles of Confederation. By including three-fifths of the slaves (who did not have the right to vote) in the legislative split, the three-fifths compromise offered additional representation in the House of Representatives of the slave states over the free states. In 1793, for example, the southern slave states had 47 of the 105 seats, but would have had 33 if the seats had been allocated on the basis of free population. In 1812, the slave states had 76 seats out of 143 instead of the 59 they would have had; 1833 98 out of 240 instead of 73 seats. As a result, until the Civil War, the southern states had additional influence over the presidency, the presidency of the House of Representatives, and the Supreme Court. [15] In addition, the Southern states` insistence on an equal number of slave and free states, which was maintained until 1850, secured the Southern bloc in the Senate, as well as the votes of the Electoral College.

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